everything is slowly step by step

as you listen to Professor Lavonen's analysis of the Finnish Education Curriculum Reform, which of the five frameworks do you think it illustrates: Cultural, Psychological, Professional, Institutional or Political?

professional and political (public)

political, psychological, professional

cultural framework is always hidden

how does the system make possible equality among the schools in Finlanf?

For all the speakers, what are the best strategies to assess students learning outcomes of 21st century competencies? Thank you in advance for your answer.

As you listen to Elisa Bonilla's presentation of the Mexican Education REform, which frameworks do you think this reform illustrates: Cultural, Psychological, Professional, Institutional, or Political?

evaluate their problem solving skills and communicative competence

we have national monitoring. it is organised based on representative sample

Elisa; political, professional

psychological as well

the practicum is two times 7 weeks. it is highly supervised

thank you soo much Fernando. my request is that if you have a few websites that have teacher training online programmes from finland I would like to learn further on how as a teacher I can enhance growth and instigate reforms holistically in my school

All TE programms are 5 year programms. they incluse courses in PCK and GPK. and research methodologies

practicum is organised in various schools

The shift of governance dynamics might be the crucial point of every reform

What are the stadards for teacher certification?

Shouldn't every country agree (which is the hard part...) to have education governed by a body functioning outside the political administration?

Great presentation, thank you Elisa!!!!

For any of the three panelists: having enough time for a reform is key because people have to adapt their paradigms and practice, but is often observed as a challenge in developing countries, with governments and leadership in education changing constantly. How do you manage to create time that is necessary for a reform to truly unfold? How do you deepen a reform in the hands of teachers, principals, and other agents in the field, once it has been launched?

As you listen to Jaime Saavedra's presentation of the chapter analyzing Peru's education reform, what framework do you think the reform illustrates: cultural, psychological, professional, institutional or political?

Elisa very good presentation, congratulation.

Peru's reform cover all lenses mentioned in introduction

Let us figure the Peruvian approach...

In regards to the five frameworks, I'm sensing a hierarchy of needs sort of influence. In countries where politics are less stable the reforms tend to focus there. In others with relative stability in politics, the reform can focus on culture and psychology. Of course, everyone sharing from yesterday and today has strong goals to improve education holistically, while working within their unique constraints. Thank you to all the presenters - super intriguing!

Jari, Elisa and Marcela, please read the questions in the chat room, and prepare to speak for about 5 minutes, addressing those questions addressed to you.

Missing part is students views on education. Their ideas should be taken into consideration.

The Peruvian approach (so fat) seems to be political/professional

Buenos días, perdón no hablo inglés!

to those of you attending the webinar. Please write any questions or comments you have for the panelists here on the chat

What are standards of in service certification for teachers?

Out of the 5 factors (political, institutional, professional, etc), which in your country, is the most critical in motivating the education reform and ensuring its success?

What is the ratio of students' ideas on education reform process?

There is need for empowerment and involvement of those inside the education-learning process. Politicians and government seem to think they know best, without consulting people in the front line, without performing education research in the schools. How do Mexican and Peruvian panelists think about empowering and involving education practitioners at the community level? How do they think about improving opportunity equality?

Very interesting, thank you! Like others have said, most reforms seem top-down with some engagement with class teachers (although appraisals are also top-down). What avenues have there been for engaging pupils directly and co-creating reforms by incorporating pupils' input?

Both in Mexico and Peru, external standardized indicators, such as PISA, seem to play a very important part both in guiding and evaluating the reforms. It seems that the evaluations are more “internal”

in Finland

Finland… To hear that politicians somehow trust independent organisations - almost a miracle!

As far as I know in Finland they trust their teachers as well

Elisa - so passionate and so right. How to remove the educational reforms from the political cycle? In some countries it seems the most serious impediment.

An independent public organisation that decide about national curriculum and methodologies like in Finland, it is the first step and the most ambitious reform that an educational system could do, Elisa is right to point this out for Mexico.

te puedo inviter a hacer un comentario al final?

thanks for your answer my question about students

An independent organization would be really important for deep “academic”, curricular change, but almost impossible in Mexico, and especially at the moment.

Fantastic! Yes thank you for speaking about engaging students in educational reform!

Thanks so much for the conversation and for sharing so important ideas.

In-service teacher training have been prove to be very low in terms of transferring to real teaching practice. How can this could be overcome?

thank you soo much this has definitely been eye opening.

Thank you for a great discussion full with insights that inform how to achieve reforms that impact the learning outcomes and wellbeing of all the stakeholders in the education systems. Definitely, there are enormous challenges to overcome and to elevate the focus of the reforms on the technical aspects of educaiton, without overlooking the other perspectives for their success and stability. Congratulations to the authors and to Prof. Reimers for publishing this important book!

The continuity of the social contract/agreement of the different stakeholders it is really important. How to sustain that contract considering the politics (partisan politics)

Thank you so much Fernando for this series of webinars. I missed yesterday’s but really enjoyed the three great talks today, and look forward to tomorrow. Thank you also to the panelists for your talks, which really help to illuminate your chapters.

Democracy por partycracy, Aurelio Nuño? It is not the same. Who is really in charge here? Political parties in Mexico have proved to do it horrible in terms of quality en equality in education.

Thanks so much

The next step goes from merit to trust and empowerment. Thank you and congratulations to all!

Thank you very much!